8. Ten Tips For Conductors

Making lists such as “Top 10 tips for conductors” is popular and often an interesting read. We would like to share two such lists with you, composed almost 100 years apart. Enjoy these words of wisdom!

Richard Strauss’ famous 10 golden rules were originally written around 1922 as “The Golden Rules for the Album of a Young Conductor”. Since then it has been published in numerous books and beyond. This version is extracted from:

Strauss, Richard, edited by Willi Schuh, translated by L. J. Lawrence, 1949/1953, Ten Golden Rules, from Recollections and Reflections, Boosey and Hawkes (London).

Ten Golden Rules for the Album of a Young Conductor

1

Remember that you are making music not to amuse yourself, but to delight your audience.

2

You should not perspire when conducting. Only the audience should get warm. emember that you are making music not to amuse yourself, but to delight your audience.

3

Conduct Salome and Elektra as if they were by Mendelssohn: Faerie music.

4

Never look encouragingly at the brass, except with a brief glance to give an important cue.

5

But never let the horns and woodwinds out of your sight. If you can hear them at all, they are still too strong.

6

If you think that the brass is now blowing hard enough, tone it down another shade or two.

7

It is not enough that you yourself should hear every word the soloist sings. You should know it by heart anyway. The audience must be able to follow without effort. If they do not understand the words, they will go to sleep.

8

Always accompany the singer in such a way that he can sing without effort.

9

When you think you have reached the limits of prestissimo, double the pace.*

10

If you follow these rules carefully, you will, with your fine gifts and your great accomplishments, always be the darling of your listeners.


* Amended in 1948: “Today I should like to amend this: take the tempo half as fast.” – Strauss.

Esa-Pekka Salonen is a Finnish orchestral conductor and composer. He is principal conductor and artistic advisor of the Philharmonia Orchestra in London, conductor laureate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and music director of the San Francisco Symphony (2021).

Esa-Pekka Salonen: 10 tips to becoming a conductor

Source: Alison Feeney-Hart at BBC News, November 2013. 

Original BBC news article here.

1

Love the music

I think the most important thing is passion, you really have to love the music. You have to love the music more than you love yourself in a way. I didn’t have any great dreams of conducting as a kid but I loved music for sure.

I was highly suspicious of conductors, they seemed to be attention grabbing people who looked kind of disgusting with their combed hair and unreal clothes. But when I started, it was something that came quite naturally to me and I discovered that I rather enjoyed it.

So it wasn’t a childhood dream that finally became a reality, it was more like going with the flow and lots of seemingly random events.

2

Go to rehearsals

You have to train as a conductor to be one. Get into one of the conducting classes at a college or a music academy. Even before you do that, the best education for someone who wants to become a conductor is to sit in rehearsals. That’s where you learn.

A concert is just a concert, that is when we deliver what we achieved in rehearsals. To know how to get to that point you have to witness the process.

3

Learn to play an instrument well

Most people start quite early and they start by learning to play an instrument. It is unimaginable to be a conductor without being able to play something well.

It doesn’t matter so much what you play, it can be the piano or the bagpipes, but you have to know what it means to play something well. Otherwise you will not be in a moral, mental or ethical position to demand the same thing from an orchestra. That’s really important.

4

Accept that you are just a waiter

The composer is the chef and conductors are the waiters. Both are totally honourable professions but we have to accept that if I conduct a piece by Beethoven, I’m just a waiter. I might be head waiter, but waiter none the less and I am there to make sure the food comes to the table on time and intact.

5

Shed your thick skin and don’t scare people

Ranting and raving and scaring everybody doesn’t work in my opinion. The conductor as a lion tamer/policeman/ kindergarten teacher/priest is no longer necessary. It’s about being able to focus the thoughts and ideas of a large group of people and enable them to achieve the desired artistic result.

I don’t think thick skin is a good thing to have in this profession. On the contrary you need to be sensitive, you need to be able to feel the vibes of an orchestra on a human level to be able to pick up what’s going wrong.

6

Stay in shape

Conducting can be quite hard work. If someone who wasn’t used to it tried to stand up and hold their arms above their shoulders for two hours, I think most people would faint. We eat out all the time after concerts too and we eat late, so it’s easy to over indulge.

I try and stay in shape so I run. Exercise for me is a mental experience, it’s my own time. Sometimes after a week or two you can feel like you have totally exhausted your social capabilities, at which point to be totally alone is fine to recharge. It takes a lot of energy to keep a large group of people focused.

7

Get a good stick

I get all my conducting sticks in [Harry Potter’s] Diagon Alley. No, not really, all my batons are made by Mr Muramatsu, a third generation stick maker in Tokyo. His grandfather started the business and he made batons for some great conductors.

There is nothing magical, it’s just wood, but if you are going to hold this piece of wood in your hand for hours and hours every day for years you get very specific about how it must feel. It becomes a part of you.

I went to Tokyo to meet Mr Muramatsu. There were huge shelves with rows of little coffins containing sticks. Mine were so high up he needed a ladder, I ordered three cases of the same one.

8

Make little excursions outside your comfort zone daily

I think the biggest danger for young people is to do too much too soon. Make little excursions outside your comfort zone daily or at the very least weekly, otherwise you will stagnate and that would be a mistake.

Find the balance between safety and danger. You cannot exist in the danger zone but also shouldn’t exist solely in safety and that is without any exceptions. It is OK to take your time. Being a Finnish person, things can be quite slow so it took me seven years to talk to my wife for the first time. We’ve been married for 22 years now, so it was worth the wait.

9

Tweet

I think it’s so important to engage in these things. Why would we be any different to other art forms? Why wouldn’t we have to engage with our audience? That’s one of the problems that classical music has had, we think we are the mountain to which everyone else has to come.

I cannot assume that people automatically want to come to a concert, listen to something written 200 years ago, performed by people wearing clothes from the 1880s, conducted by a man or woman making ritual movements that seem to be vaguely connected with what is going on.

Our duty is to communicate to the world and let people know what we are doing. It is an arrogant and stupid thought that classical music should somehow exist in a bubble.

10

Be a boy or a girl

The gender of a conductor is of no importance anymore. The musical world is perfectly open and willing to embrace female conductors. There is no reason for girls not to go into conducting. The business is ready and I know from experience there are no reasons why female conductors can’t be just as good if not better than male ones. We are ready.

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